Photo©: S. Cinti
Come abbiamo già visto, in un recente post, il grasso non è tutto uguale. Anzi il tipo di grasso che un individuo ha può fare la differenza tra l’essere predisposto o meno all’obesità.
Negli ultimi anni infatti, quello che prima era considerato semplicemente “il grasso” è stato riconosciuto come un vero e proprio organo a sé stante cui è stato dato il nome di organo adiposo.
Mentre un tempo si riteneva che “il grasso” fosse una sostanza inerte, oggi sappiamo che l’organo adiposo è addirittura capace di produrre sostanze metabolicamente attive. Quali ad esempio l’ormone leptina, la sostanza che provoca la fame, o alcune adipochine, mediatori dell’infiammazione che si ritengono implicati nella genesi della sindrome metabolica.
Queste scoperte hanno profondamente cambiato il modo in cui oggi i fisiologi e i clinici guardano al tessuto adiposo e ha portato ad indagare ulteriormente i rapporti esitenti tra i diversi tipi di grasso (bianco e bruno) che lo concorrono alla sua costituzione.
Photo©: S. Cinti
Il grasso bianco è infatti quella parte di grasso che classicamente rappresenta la riserva di energia necessaria a garantire la sopravvivenza dell’individuo nei periodi di digiuno (siano essi di poche ore, o di intere settimane), mentre il grasso bruno è invece una sostanza con azione termo-regolatrice che costituisce addirittura il secondo meccanismo di termo-regolazione corporea dopo quello muscolare (ed è pertanto un tessuto “consumatore” di energia tanto quanto il grasso bianco ne è invece un “accumulatore”).
Questa differenziazione è importante perché ci dice che la presenza di quantità maggiori dell’uno o dell’altro tipo di grasso potrà predisporre o meno allo sviluppo dell’obesità. Per la precisione, maggiore sarà la percentuale di grasso bruno corporeo minore sarà il rischio che l’individuo possa sviluppare obesità.
La percentuale di grasso bruno è determinata geneticamente, ma può essere aumentata dall’adrenalina, dal freddo e (almeno nei topi) dal fatto di vivere in un ambiente molto stimolante e poco noioso.
Questo significa che l’ organo adiposo ha capacità plastiche, ha cioè la possibilità di aumentare o diminuire le percentuali relative dei suoi componenti grazie alla trasformazione di grasso bianco in grasso bruno e viceversa.
E questo ha aperto la porta alla ricerca di farmaci anti-obesità (quali i TZD) che siano in grado di facilitare o stimolare questa plasticità.
Avrei una cosa da dire dopo aver letto questo articolo..ora di certo grasso nn ne ho ma nel mio organismo quando ero piu….chiattella… avevo notato una cosa che fra l’altro mi confermò anche un amico ex bodybuilder che ultimamente allena in palestra sia ragazzi che ragazze…. be io ingrasso come un uomo e nn come una donna nel senso che metto grasso sullo stomaco , sulla schiena e sulla parte alta delle braccia….. praticamente nulla sui fianchi o cosce come tutte le altre femminucce….. mi piacerebbe sapere di piu su questo mio strano modo di mettere su peso…..ah fra l’altro l’amico in questione mi disse che il mio era un grasso di tipo bruno piu di tipo maschile e in effetti nel periodo che seguivo un corso di bodybuilding in palestra notai che il mio fisico reagiva velocemente a quel tipo di allenamento nn come una donna ma piu come un uomo….. con l’occasione vorrei far presente che ho notato che il mio organismo ama e nn ingrassa con una certa dose di grassi….invece nn sopporta bene i carbo reagendo con un certo gonfiore piuttosto diffuso che potrebbe far pensare che mi ingrasso facilmente coi carbo e invece è decisamente gonfiore …come mai? può aiutarmi a capire dott. Fabio?
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